How to manage MongoDB on Linux ?

Managing MongoDB on a Linux VPS involves installation, configuration, security, and performance optimization.

1. Installing MongoDB on Linux VPS

MongoDB can be installed using package managers like apt (for Debian/Ubuntu) or yum (for CentOS/RHEL).

For Ubuntu/Debian

1. Update package list:
   sudo apt update 

   sudo apt upgrade -y

2. Import MongoDB GPG key:
   curl -fsSL https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-6.0.asc | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-keyring.gpg

   **Run the following command to add the missing public key:

   sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys B00A0BD1E2C63C11

   or

   **Run this command to manually import the key:

   wget -qO - https://pgp.mongodb.com/server-5.0.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/mongodb-server-5.0.

   Check if the key was added successfully:

   gpg --dry-run --quiet --import --import-options import-show /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/mongodb-server
3. Add MongoDB repository:
   Ubuntu:

   echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-keyring.gpg] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs)/mongodb-org/6.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list
Debian:

   echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/mongodb-server-5.0.asc] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian bullseye/mongodb-org/5.0 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-5.0.list
4. Install MongoDB:
   sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y mongodb-org

   
5. Start and Enable MongoDB:
   sudo systemctl start mongod
sudo systemctl enable mongod


For CentOS/RHEL

1. Add MongoDB repository:
   sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-6.0.repo <<EOF
[mongodb-org-6.0]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/6.0/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-6.0.asc
EOF

2. Install MongoDB:
   sudo yum install -y mongodb-org

3. Start and Enable MongoDB:
   sudo systemctl start mongod
sudo systemctl enable mongod


2. Securing MongoDB

By default, MongoDB listens on localhost (127.0.0.1). To secure it:

Enable Authentication

1. Create an admin user:
   mongosh
use admin
db.createUser({
user: "admin",
pwd: "StrongPassword",
roles: [{ role: "root", db: "admin" }]
})

2. Enable authentication in MongoDB config file:
   sudo nano /etc/mongod.conf


   Find the security section and add:

   security:
authorization: enabled

3. Restart MongoDB:
   sudo systemctl restart mongod


Restrict External Access

1. Modify MongoDB to listen only to localhost:
   sudo nano /etc/mongod.conf


   Change:

   bindIp: 127.0.0.1

2. Use UFW (Ubuntu) or FirewallD (CentOS) to allow only specific IPs:
   sudo ufw allow from YOUR_IP to any port 27017


3. Managing MongoDB

Check MongoDB Service Status

Restart MongoDB

Stop MongoDB

Enable MongoDB to Start on Boot

4. Managing Databases in MongoDB

Connect to MongoDB

Create a Database

Show Databases

Create a Collection

Insert Data

Find Data

Delete a Database

5. Backups and Restores

Backup MongoDB Database

Restore MongoDB Database

6. Performance Optimization

Indexing for Faster Queries

Monitoring Performance

Limit Memory Usage

Modify wiredTigerCacheSizeGB in /etc/mongod.conf:

Use Connection Pooling

Modify /etc/mongod.conf:

7. Logs and Debugging

View MongoDB Logs

Check Error Logs

8. Uninstall MongoDB (If Needed)

For Ubuntu/Debian

For CentOS/RHEL

Conclusion

Managing MongoDB on a Linux VPS requires proper installation, security hardening, and performance optimization. By following these steps, you ensure your MongoDB database runs efficiently and securely. 🚀

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